2024 World Conference on Lung Cancer (WCLC) - Posters-P2.14A.11 Real-World Immunotherapy Use in Pleural Mesothelioma: Insights & Immunological Landscape

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Pleural mesothelioma (MPM) is a rare, aggressive cancer originating from pleural tissue, for which immunotherapy has shown promise, yet its real-world application and effects on specific immune cells are not well-documented. This study involved data collection from over ten centers, focusing on 287 patients, with 47 receiving immunotherapy. Data on the clinical and pathological aspects, as well as survival outcomes of these patients, were analyzed alongside immunological changes using advanced techniques such as multiplex immunofluorescence and single-cell sequencing.<br /><br />The findings reveal that the median overall survival for patients under immunotherapy was 19.93 months, significantly improved compared to previous chemotherapy outcomes. The study also explored immune resistance in MPM, using an organoid model to simulate conditions post-immunotherapy. Key immune cells, particularly dendritic cells (DCs) and macrophages, were assessed before and after the development of immunotherapy resistance, highlighting a significant decrease in their numbers.<br /><br />Single-cell sequencing further confirmed a marked reduction in DCs and natural killer T (NKT) cells after resistance development, suggesting that these cells are crucial in the immune response to MPM treatment. The research underscores the importance of investigating the roles of DCs and other immune cells during immunotherapy, recommending their proactive use in MPM management due to the satisfactory real-world efficacy observed. This study supports the continued application and mechanistic research of immunotherapeutic agents, given their impact on patient survival and the immune microenvironment in MPM.

Asset Subtitle

Xiaoling Xu

Meta Tag

Speaker Xiaoling Xu

Topic Mesothelioma, Thymoma & Other Thoracic Tumors

Keywords

pleural mesothelioma

immunotherapy

immune cells

clinical outcomes

multiplex immunofluorescence

single-cell sequencing

dendritic cells

macrophages

immune resistance

natural killer T cells