2024 World Conference on Lung Cancer (WCLC) - Posters-P3.03J.01 Genomic and Spatial Characterization of Neoadjuvant Efficacy Differences in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer

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The study titled "Genomic and Spatial Characterization of Neoadjuvant Efficacy Differences in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC)" seeks to identify reliable biomarkers and optimal treatment modalities for neoadjuvant therapy in NSCLC. Conducted by researchers from the Department of Thoracic Surgery at Peking University People’s Hospital, the study employs a multi-omics approach, incorporating genomics and spatial transcriptomics to understand the underlying mechanisms of treatment efficacy.<br /><br />The study, which included a prospective cohort of 62 patients with 256 regions, offered insights into the characteristics of immune infiltration in tumor regions. Findings highlighted that B cells, macrophages, and T cells were abundant in tumors with a good response to treatment. Interestingly, the presence of macrophages in tumor regions correlated with good treatment outcomes, whereas their increase in normal regions was associated with poor efficacy.<br /><br />Genomic analysis revealed that tumors responding well to neoadjuvant therapy exhibited low tumor mutation burden (TMB), tumor neoantigen burden (TNB), and other metrics, but showed high clone illusion and single nucleotide variant intra-tumoral heterogeneity (SNV-ITH). The study also explored new molecular typing, identifying an A1 subtype that is relatively enriched in populations with positive neoadjuvant outcomes.<br /><br />The research further utilized single-cell spatial profiling for a higher resolution analysis of neoadjuvant patients, providing complementary validation of genomic data. This approach allowed for a detailed examination of immune cell subsets, such as Trem2 and FLOR2 macrophages, underscoring spatial differences associated with treatment efficacy.<br /><br />In conclusion, the study successfully demonstrates the application of multi-region sampling and multi-omics analysis to understand varying treatment responses in NSCLC patients, uncovering significant genomic differences and proposing novel molecular classifications that could potentially guide future therapeutic strategies.

Asset Subtitle

Yue He

Meta Tag

Speaker Yue He

Topic Tumor Biology – Translational Biology

Keywords

NSCLC

neoadjuvant therapy

biomarkers

genomics

spatial transcriptomics

immune infiltration

tumor mutation burden

single nucleotide variant

multi-omics

molecular typing